Geography of Georgia

Satellite image of Georgia

Georgia is situated at the crossroads of the semi-humid Mediterranean, the arid Aral-Caspian depression, and the highlands of Front Asia with a continental climate, which played an important role in the formation of the state. Georgia's natural conditions are extremely diverse. Throughout its history, they have remained largely unchanged and have not caused decisive shifts in the country's social and economic life.



The nature of Georgia is extraordinarily diverse due to its geographical location, complex terrain, and altitudinal zonation. The Caucasus region, where Georgia is located, belongs to the active Alpine belt of the Earth's crust. This results in its contrasting relief and diverse landscapes, with a wide variety of climates, hydrological regimes, soil cover, vegetation, and wildlife. Additionally, Georgia is positioned at the intersection of the humid Mediterranean, the arid endorheic Aral-Caspian basin, and the continental highlands of Front Asia, further contributing to the diversity of its natural conditions. Georgia is rich in hydro-energy resources. Numerous hydropower cascades have been built on its mountain rivers, along with reservoirs. The total length of irrigation systems exceeds 1,000 km.

Climate of Georgia

The climate of Georgia is influenced by the subtropical climate from the west and the Mediterranean climate from the east. The Greater Caucasus Mountain Range acts as a barrier against cold winds from the north. Along the Black Sea coast, from Abkhazia to the Turkish border, as well as in the area known as the Colchian Lowland, the dominant subtropical climate is characterized by high humidity and abundant precipitation (ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 mm annually, and even 2,500 mm in the Black Sea port of Batumi). Several palm species grow in this region. In mid-winter, the average temperature is 5°C, while in summer, it rises to +22°C.